CommonTruth Newsletter
Archaeology/ History
Encouraging Word
People Of The Bible
Bible Topic
Guest Columnist
Vocabulary Enrichment
Bible Version Critique
News Bytes
Website Of The Month
Welcome to the December 2005 edition of the CommonTruth eNewsletter! This month's eNewsletter features articles regarding the Dead Sea Scrolls, a historical analysis regarding God's Holy Name, and a Guest Columnist who tells the story of her conversion from Judaism to Christianity. We hope you enjoy this month's reading material, and all questions/comments are welcome.  May the blessings of Jehovah/Yahweh remain with you throughout the month!

ARCHAEOLOGY/ HISTORY
THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS

Because of the enormous amount of information regarding these important historical documents, there is simply too much information to include all of it in this month's eNewsletter. Therefore we have provided several site links throughout this article for you to further examine the information.


( Information courtesy of the West Semitic Research Project ) In the spring of 1947 Bedouin goat-herds, searching the cliffs along the Dead Sea for a lost goat came upon a cave containing clay jars filled with manuscripts. The first discoveries came to the attention of scholars in 1948, when seven of the scrolls were sold to a dealer called Kando. He sold three of the scrolls to Eleazar L. Sukenik of Hebrew University, and four to Metropolitan Mar Athanasius Yeshue Samuel of the Syrian Orthodox monastery of St. Mark. Mar Athanasius in turn brought his four to the American School of Oriental Research, where they came to the attention of American and European scholars.
     It was not until 1949 that the site of the find was identified as the cave now known as Qumran Cave 1. That identification led to further explorations and excavations of the area of Khirbet Qumran. Further search of Cave #1 revealed archaeological finds of pottery, cloth and wood, as well as a number of additional manuscript fragments. It was these discoveries that proved decisively that the scrolls were indeed ancient and authentic.
     Until the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the earliest copies of biblical books in Hebrew dated to the medieval period, which was nearly 1,000 years after the first books had begun to be considered sacred scripture by the Jewish community. The finding of the Scrolls meant that we now have copies that are older by hundreds of years than anything we had before 1947. Among the Scrolls are copies of every book of the Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible, except for Esther and Nehemiah. Some of the books, however, are only represented by very small fragments. The most common biblical books among all of the scrolls and fragments found at Qumran are Psalms, Deuteronomy, Isaiah, Exodus, Genesis and Leviticus . The only complete book still preserved among the Scrolls is the book of Isaiah . To learn more, click on the following link:
http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/wsrp/educational_site/dead_sea_scrolls/

The Dead Sea Scrolls have provided phenomenal evidence for the credibility of biblical scripture. Specifically, the nearly intact Great Isaiah Scroll is almost identical to the most recent manuscript version of the Masoretic text from the 900's AD. From such evidence we can see the bible has been faithfully copied over and over again without significant change, thus it is an accurate text down to our day.
http://www.allaboutarchaeology.org/dead-sea-scrolls.htm

Although the Dead Sea Scrolls consists of many fragments of the bible books, also included are apocryphal books and other Jewish writings. Some of this can be seen at the following link:
http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/deadsea.scrolls.exhibit/Library/library.html

For more information regarding this fascinating historical find, feel free to click on the following links:
25 Facts about the Dead Sea Scrolls   http://www.centuryone.com/25dssfacts.html
Basic Facts About the Dead Sea Scrolls  http://www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu/jdtabor/dssfacts.html
Wikipedia Information  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Sea_scrolls

The Dead Sea Scrolls are one of the greatest archaeological finds within the religious community. Not only do they document history, but they also authenticate the bible and prove God's ability to keep His work intact. Though some of the links in this article contain a lot of reading material we recommend that you read them a little at a time as your schedule permits, for there is a wealth of knowledge contained within.

BIBLE TOPIC
GOD'S HOLY NAME (PART 1)
Many people have come to know that God has His own personal name. The problem is, many don't agree on what this Divine Name is: Some claim it to be Jesus, some claim it to be  Jehovah, others claim it to be Yahweh and it's various forms. Since God is the most important being in our lives, we thought it worthy to discuss the matter of His Divine Name in this month's eNewsletter.
     To begin with, the idea that God has a personal name starts with the original writings of the Old Testament, in which the original Hebrew spells The Name as "YHWH" or alternatively, "IEUE".  These four letters are known as the "tetragrammaton" (a literal translation from Greek which means "word with four letters"). If you look at the online interlinear bible at http://www.scripture4all.org , you can see the tetragrammaton at: Exodus 6:3, Psalms 83:18,  Isaiah 12:2 , and Isaiah 26:4 . This Name is thought to originate from the Hebrew root word " hawah " which means "to become", from which the Divine Name is thought to translate as "He Causes To Become". Though many bible versions omit The Name and substitute the word "LORD" instead, there are still many other versions that do include The Name. Some of these bible versions are:
The American Standard Version
The Bible in Basic English
The Bible in Living English
The Darby Translation
The King James Version
The Living Bible
The New Jerusalem Bible
Rotherham's Version
Young's Literal Translation

Some of these versions use the divine Name only a few times, others use it throughout the Old Testament. Some of them use the form "Jehovah", and yet others use the more Hebrew/Hebraic form  of "Yahweh". As for The Complete Jewish Bible, it writes the  Name as "YHWH" , yet includes the word "Adonai" (which means "Lord") next to it. Additionally, there are various other older writings that use other pronunciations for the tetragrammaton: Yahuweh, Jahveh, and Yehowah, among others; note that these reflect the Hebrew root word "hawah".

     So now the question is: Is any one form of the Name more correct than another?

     To answer that, first we must look at how the Divine Name has been translated throughout history: William Tyndale's bible of 1525 spells the word as "Iehouah" (Pronounced "Yeh-huwah").  Other versions that used this spelling include:  Miles Coverdale's bible of 1535, The Great Bible of 1539, The Geneva Bible of 1560, the Bishop's Bible of 1568, and the Authorized Version of 1611. This particular spelling is thought to originate from blending the letters of the tetragrammaton with the vowels in the word "Adonai". The King James Version's original spelling of "IEHOUAH" was apparently influenced by it's translation source: the Ben Chayim codex. However, later on, the spelling 'Jehovah' first showed during the editing of the King James Bible in the mid 1700's. Thus it is believed that the spelling of 'Jehovah' is a misunderstanding by the translators. To this day, 'Jehovah' is the most common English spelling of the Divine Name.
An interesting thing about the name 'Jehovah 'is that this anglicized rendition of God's name happens to contain the Hebrew word "hovah" .  According to Strong's Lexicon ( 'Hovah'   is word  #1,943), this Hebrew word actually means "ruin", or "mischief". Because the tetragrammaton of God's name originates with the Hebrew language, and this anglicized version of God's name contains a Hebrew word that would be offensive  toward God, many people choose to reject the spelling of "Jehovah" and use the other variations instead. The spelling 'Yahweh' didn't appear until the 1800's, as a result of scholars attempting to give a truer rendition of The Name. This is believed to be a truer rendering partly because there is no known "J" in the Hebrew language, and partly because "Yahweh" fully incorporates all four letters of the tetragrammaton.

The question still remains though: If we have the original spelling of The Divine Name, then why would there be confusion in the way it should be pronounced? The answer: This is due mainly to the traditions of early Jewish copyists. In written Hebrew, especially at that time, there were no letter symbols for vowels, therefore all they wrote were the consonants. On top of this, sometimes the consonants doubled as vowels, which is why the historian Josephus stated that the Divine Name was written with four vowels . Additionally, Jewish superstition suggested that to pronounce The Name aloud was tantamount to taking His Name in vain, which would be a violation of the third commandment at Exodus 20:7 . Thus, instead of pronouncing His Name when they came to the word, they'd substitute the word "Adonai"; meaning "Lord".  This is why The Complete Jewish Bible gives the word "Adonai" next to the tetragrammaton. So what did this result in? Since people were no longer pronouncing the Divine Name aloud, and the consonants can double as vowels, and possibly the vowels from 'Adonai' were blended with the tetragrammaton, the actual pronunciation of the Holy Name became lost in confusion.  To understand this concept better, let's take a name that we might not want to pronounce, such as "Satan". If our alphabet contained only consonants, then that word would be written as "STN".  If people became superstitious towards the word and decided to substitute with the word "Devil" every time the word "STN" came up, after some generations nobody would know the true pronunciation of "STN". They can only take their best, educated guess: Sten? Setin? Siten? As you can see, the name becomes confused very quickly. In the same way, the pronunciation of God's name has been obscured; all we really know for sure are the four original letters involved. Because of this linguistic snag, no person can say for sure which is the most correct pronunciation of God's Name.
There is much information regarding this topic that is simply too page consuming to include into this month's eNewsletter.  However, since this article was based on information at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragrammaton , we encourage to peruse the provided link to get the full scope of the information on this topic. There are other websites that are worth looking into as well. Therefore we have compiled a small list of links for you:
http://www.eliyah.com/lxx.html
http://www.eliyah.com/yhwhdss.html
http://yahweh.biography.ms/
http://www.watchtower.org/library/na/article_02.htm

     So, then, what does all this mean? After all, the bible tells us to call upon the name of God in order to be saved from the coming wrath ( Joel 2:32, Acts 2:21, Romans 10:13 ). If we aren't absolutely sure what this name is, then how can we call on that Name?
     Calling on His Name isn't just a matter of knowing the actual word for that Name. It's also the act of giving worship towards only Him, whether or not you know His Name. This is shown at Exodus 6:3 , when God reveals that Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob worshiped Him even though He hadn't revealed His Name to them; this in spite of the fact that He did allow other people prior to them to know the Name ( Genesis 4:26, 9:26 ).  It's also interesting that even though Yahweh didn't reveal His name to patriarch Abraham, Abraham's own servant still knew His name ( Genesis 24:12 ). The bible doesn't seem to reveal why God allowed His name to be known at some times and not others, we can only speculate on that matter. However, the main point is this: Which God were any of these people worshiping? They at least knew they weren't worshiping any of the other gods of the time, and in spite of not knowing God's personal name they still knew theirs was the only TRUE God ( Genesis 17:18-21, 35:1 ). Though the bible doesn't indicate the names of the false gods at that time, the scriptures show these false gods existed this early in history ( Genesis 31:30-32, 35:2-4 ).  And yet, in spite of not knowing God's name, the faithful still knew to worship Him instead of the other gods, as the aforementioned scriptures show. This also carried over into the New Testament times, as is shown at Acts 17:23 , which states: "For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I found an altar with this inscription: 'To The Unknown God'. Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, Him I declare unto you." (King James Version) . Thus it is shown, that even though people didn't know God's personal name they were still, In effect, still calling upon His name and worshiping Him.
    Today, just as we aren't completely sure of His true Name, still we do know who we are worshiping, and we at least have a small idea regarding His name thanks to the tetragrammaton. Going by the example shown in the scriptures, the record shows that God isn't neurotic about others knowing His name ; He is more concerned about us getting our worship aimed in the right direction, whether or not His name is known. Notice, the bible doesn't say He's jealous for His name, but that's He's jealous for His worship ( Exodus 34:14-17, Deuteronomy 6:14-15 ). There is a difference. Simply knowing the name of  God or a god is not the same as worship. For example, we know names of different dieties in the world: Jehovah/Yahweh, Buddha, Amida, Vishnu, Satan, etc. Simply knowing these names is merely knowledge and has nothing to do with the act of worship itself. In other words, knowing about Buddha doesn't make us Buddhist, and knowing about Vishnu doesn't make us Hindus. The True God seems to be more focused on where our worship is directed, while His Name comes along incidental to that worship. Now, this is not to suggest that God's  name isn't important, for scripture states that His is the most exalted Name above all the earth (Nehemiah 9:5 ). And the third commandment directed punishment for any who took up His name in a worthless way ( Exodus 20:7 ). Yes, directing our worship towards God is most important, and using His name is no small matter either, but apparently it seems He is okay with the way His name is known for now. It is interesting to note, though, that God does plan to reveal His true name to true worshipers again, as stated at Zephaniah 3:9 .

    Before concluding this article, we'd like to explain the use of God's name on the CommonTruth site and eNewsletter: We realize readers will notice that the CommonTruth website and it's companion eNewletter have switched from publishing God's name as "Jehovah" to using "Yahweh". This is not an endorsement of one rendition being superior to another, it's simply a matter of the editors being comfortable with the more Hebraic version of the Holy Name. As shown, no person knows the true pronunciation of God's name, therefore this is simply the personal choice of the editors. Though the editors will maintain the "Yahweh" spelling, exceptions will be made for direct scriptural quotations and to accommodate the Guest Columnists' preferences in their articles.

This ends Part 1 of the article titled "GOD'S HOLY NAME". Next month we finish with Part 2, which deals with a common question: "Is Jehovah/Yahweh the Old Testament name for Jesus?".

BIBLE VERSION CRITIQUE
THE MESSAGE
Published and copyrighted by Eugene H. Peterson. Can be read online at:
http://www.biblegateway.com/versions/?action=getVersionInfo&vid=65

Virtues: This version paraphrases the scriptures and uses contemporary language so the modern Christian can get an easier sense of the text. People and place names remain with traditional spellings so there isn't any confusion there. Each chapter starts with a little sentence that describes the chapter's main event.
Flaws: Tends to have textual inaccuracies, due in part to the paraphrasing, and in part to trinitarian bias. For example, Philippians 2:6 will say that Jesus "had equal status with God", and Psalms 83 states it  is a Korah Psalm (when other versions say differently).  God's personal name is nowhere to be found in this version.

To be honest, the editors of CommonTruth aren't familiar with the hard copy of this bible, only the online text. However, we're told that the hard copy version is printed with just chapter numbering and not verse numbering, making it read more like a regular book. This can be considered an asset to some, and a liability to others.

ENCOURAGING WORD
2 KINGS 6:15-17
"...and when Elisha rose and went out first thing in the morning he found troops surrounding the city, and ponies and chariots; and his man said to him 'O, O sir, what shall we do?' But he said 'Do not be afraid, because there are more on our side than on theirs.' And Elisha prayed 'Jehovah, open his eyes so that he will see'; and Jehovah opened the man's eyes so that he saw, and he found the mountain full of ponies with chariots of fire around Elisha." (The Bible in Living English by Steven T. Byington)

In this passage, Elisha (the successor to Elijah) and his servant were staying in the village of Dothan. The king of Syria surrounded Dothan overnight, hoping to kill Elisha because Elisha foiled his plans against the Israelites. This is where the above cited scripture picks up: Elisha and his manservant see the vast army waiting for them, and the servant becomes frightened. Jehovah/Yahweh allows the servant to see that His own army is there to protect them, blinding the Syrian army to the men's identities, causing them to look elsewhere for them.

This passage is a wonderful reminder of how close Yahweh is to those who trust him, even if we don't always see it. It's also encouraging to read how Yahweh can save His people by using unusual methods, all we need is the faith that He will.

GUEST COLUMNIST
FROM THE TORAH TO THE TRUTH
-- This month's guest columnist is Malkah Prasch
I was born into a family on the conservative side of orthodox, certainly I recall hearing the traditional prayer “Lord, I bless you for not making me a woman” spoken by my father and uncle on occasion. I was raised to believe in the religious superiority of the Jewish race yet also in the innate inferiority of a woman. Raised to expect to marry a good Jewish boy and produce bouncing Jewish babies. From an early age I wanted to study. I wanted to study Torah but the orthodox opinion of such a disgrace is that it is better to burn the Torah than let a woman study it. Had I been raised solely in Israel then I would probably have allowed myself to give up on my hopes for higher education and settle down in my late teens, but my Mother, disliking Israel's climate, insisted on spending a good portion of the year in England, and thus I was able to study for O and A levels at a British school. It was the British teachers who encouraged me to study, the British teachers who let me jump a school year to prevent my getting bored, and my British teachers who arranged the curriculum so that I could take additional exams. Thus, after a battle with my father and uncle Yakov, found myself at university before my seventeenth birthday. My mother supported me, being an English Jew she was always more independent than her Israeli in-laws. Unfortunately, my drive to study, my need for perfection and my crumbling relationship with my father were all contributing factors to my suffering from anorexia, bulimia and eventually self harming, self-abuse that continued for several years. Of course, I hid this from all but my very closest of friends. I didn't pay a huge amount of attention to my Jewish heritage, although I did begin to develop an unhealthy interest in the mystical arm of Judaism, which is just a short step to the world of the occult. Fascinated by tales woven by the likes of Dennis Wheately (who, oddly enough, believed fervently in a literal devil but had no firm belief in God, just in a hodge-podge of eastern ideas such as karma) I began to delve into tarot, the runes and witchcraft. I seriously considered becoming a Satanist in the vein of Anton LeVay although something always held me back. My mental health deteriorated, but, on the outside, I was this talented, over-intelligent young woman who seemed supremely confident. I gained a first-class bachelors degree and quickly went on to studying for my masters. I enjoyed geology, archaeology and geography, and began to teach such subjects as evolution and natural history. In the meantime, I used my natural affinity with languages, and my ability to speak modern Hebrew as a basis for a theological degree and went on to study Aramaic and Koine Greek (the common Greek used in the new testament) as well as biblical Hebrew.

This was where I first began to develop an interest in the bible aside from the Tanakh (the Old Testament) but found reading the New Testament particularly offensive, as the writers seemed to regularly put Yeshua (Jesus), this so-called Messiah, on the same level as YHWH himself. Somehow, I truly believed that my occult interests and practices would not offend the God of Israel while assuming that these Christian scriptures must be very offensive indeed. By my mid-to-late twenties I went back to university again for my PhD, and lived in halls of residence with several younger women, although I tended to keep myself separate. I later learned that some of the other girls (being only eighteen) were terrified that, if they visited my room, they would be confronted by an altar to Satan and a goat's skull. (in truth I had some strange things, but not that) However, I became quite popular amongst some of the students for my eerily accurate tarot and rune readings, which many of the girls used to request to help them with their lives. (I often pray that my advice did them no harm) However, the girl in the room next to me, a cheery, well-liked redhead, caused me some level of discomfort. She was a Christian, a born-again Pentecostal toward whom I felt a great sense of ambivalence. Contempt toward her religion, yet I could not dislike her, she remains to this day one of the most pleasant, compassionate, selfless individuals I have ever encountered. When Amanda was in her room, the tarot cards and runes that gave me such accurate readings would go haywire, generally stopping working altogether. It took some months for me to ascertain that, whatever God this girl served, it was more powerful than any of my occult rituals by which I directed my life. It was my friendship with this Christian, this “child” that changed my life. She was a goy, a gentile, (the goyim, gentiles, refer to any who are not Jewish. It's a word that has derogatory undertones and can be used as an insult) not worthy of my time, and yet she spoke with such simple authority that I felt literally blown away. Of course, converting to Christianity would have been the last nail in the coffin of my relationship with much of my family back in Israel, so I resisted for almost a year, although I did give up my occult practices and tried to be a better Jew. I began to pray on my bed, using the formula “Baruch ata Adonai Elohim, melach ha-olam” (blessed are you Lord God, king of the universe, a traditional jewish prayer) yet I always sensed this yawning gulf between me and whatever deity existed. I pushed it aside, I could control my religious life, but I could not control whether or not G-d spoke back to me, and that was infuriating. (Editor's note: The Jewish culture does not feel comfortable with spelling "God". ) You have no idea how infuriating it is to be religious, yet have no actual relationship with the G-d you want to serve. Finally I spoke to Amanda about this: Me, a twenty-something lecturer, weeping into the arms of a girl ten years my junior. My façade crumbled and I found myself screaming out to know G-d. I realised nothing else mattered, not another degree, not my weight, not even my religion. That was when I learned slowly, painfully, to give up my concept of G-d, my understanding of Him, and come to his throne without a pre-conception. I ended up lying, face down in my college room, meeting the Holy one of Israel. Anyone who has ever encountered G-d in this way knows what I'm speaking about, anyone who hasn''t, I pray that they will. I remember feeling a sensation that I was burning inside, but I recall little else, simply because the experience wasn''t as important as the understanding and the faith that it heralded. Finally, feeling such shame on behalf of the Jewish people who rejected their own Messiah, I accepted Yeshua as the anointed one, sent by YHWH to be a sacrifice for my sins, the Lamb of God, se haElohim.(lamb of God) I began to attend a small gathering of Christians whose only desire was to learn to hear G-d and to serve him, to know him above all else, to glorify and to worship him. It was in learning to hear G-d for myself (a long, slow and painful process) that I found freedom from my eating disorders, self-harming and the residue of the occult spirits that believed they had a claim on my life. I was blessed to meet these people, for there was no religion as such, just people who would stand with you and for you until you were able to stand yourself. They had no agenda but to know G-d, no desire for a big church or recognition, just a burning desire for G-d himself. It was here I learned the enormous and desperately important difference between seeking the things of God, and God himself. It was also here I met my husband, a Christian who had been “walking with Christ” for a decade, who was a respected “worship leader” and well-known in church circles. But he did not know G-d. His story I may relate at another time. I find my education, although useful, has led to great pride in my life, as has my Jewish heritage, I bless G-d that I am able to stand before him, knowing that no amount of intelligence, or scriptural knowledge of any description can ever make me worthy of Him. I am not worthy. But Yeshua is worthy, and it is solely his worth that lifts me from my sin. Solely his beauty that takes away my ugliness, solely his glory that covers my filth, solely his blood that washes me clean, solely his authority that gives me the authority to walk in this world, a daughter of the living God, able to know my king and saviour, and able to lean on his promises for my future – which is greater than any future I could ever earn by my own endeavour. Shalom.

Malkah Prasch. (a.k.a. Ish Milcamah)

NEWS BYTES
(AgapePress) - An employee at a California company has won the right to adjust her work schedule so she can attend Sunday morning church services. As one pro-family attorney points out, the law was on side of the worker and woman of faith, whether her employer realized it or not. Read more....
http://headlines.agapepress.org/archive/11/302005f.asp

Jehovah's Witness News
YEREVAN, Armenia—In the past week Armenian courts have sentenced six conscientious objectors who are Jehovah's Witnesses to prison for terms of between two and three years.  Read more...
http://www.jw-media.org/newsroom/index.htm?content=/region/europe/armenia/english/releases/conscientious_obj/arm_e051103.htm

(CNSNews.com) - Reports of religious persecution continue to emerge from China, shortly after President Bush visited the region and urged the communist government to allow its people the right "to worship without state control." Read more...
http://www.crosswalk.com/news/1365914.html

USA TODAY
By Joan Biskupic
WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court Wednesday will hear its first abortion case in five years, a New Hampshire dispute that could be an early test of whether a reshaped court will change its views on how much states can restrict the procedure. Read more...
http://amch.questionmarket.com/adscgen/invite.php?survey_num=0&site=1427&code=0&pic=gif&creativename=opinion2-350x300-1l-eng-nul&secs_up=60

PEOPLE OF THE BIBLE
THE PROPHETESSES
Although many know of the various prophets mentioned in the bible, such as Isaiah, Ezekiel, and Habakkuk, not many people realize there were also female counterparts, the prophetesses, that existed as well. Of course, there are no books of the bible named after these women, however the bible does mention some of these women:

Miriam: Sister of Moses and Aaron ( Numbers 26:59 ).
Deborah: Wife of Lappidoth, who spent her days under a palm tree between Ramah and Bethel. Her inspired advice was instrumental in the Israelite defeat of Jabin's army ( Judges 4:4-7 )
Huldah: Wife of Shallum (who was a caretaker of garments). Under inspiration she told the Israelites about a coming calamity God was bringing upon them for their unfaithfulness towards Him. ( 2 Kings 22:14-20, 2 Chronicles 34:22-28 ).
Anna: An elderly widow, Daughter of Phanuel. She was always at the temple night and day. She thanked God for the birth of Christ and spoke many fine words about the infant. ( Luke 2:36-38 ).

There are also other instances in scripture that make mention of existing prophetesses, though not by name. For example, Joel 2:28 speaks of both men and women prophesying in the last days (compare Acts 2:17 ), and  Acts 21:9 speaks of a man who had four daughters who prophesied, and 1 Corinthians 11:5-6 speaks of the proper headdress for prophetesses. Thus it is apparent that, not only did female prophets exist in the past, but that they are expected to exist during the time of the end as well.

These examples show that, although women are to be in subjection to men ( 1 Corinthians 11:3 ), that doesn't mean God considers the female gender to be inferior or incapable of doing His work. These prophetesses were respected and listened too in spite of their subjective gender, as God's people recognized His spirit working through them.

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT
QUEEN OF HEAVEN
The moon Ashtaroth or Astarte to whom worshiped as Hebrew women offered cakes in the streets of Jerusalem.

Source: Smith's Bible Dictionary

The "Queen of Heaven" is mentioned in the book of Jeremiah at: Jeremiah 7:18, 44:17-25 . According to these passages, certain cakes were baked as an offering to this false goddess, which seriously offended the True God ( Jeremiah 7:19 ). It also seems that the women were actively involved with worship of this goddess, for they are spoken of carrying out their vows related to this false worship.

WEBSITE OF THE MONTH
BIBLE MAPS
http://www.biblestudy.org/maps/main.html
This site links to dozens of bible maps. You can find Paul's journeys, Christ's actions in chronological order, Israel's migration after captivity, the military victories of king David, and much much more. Some of the maps are in colour, some are black and white. These maps are a good resource for visualizing the different events and journeys undertaken by the people in the bible.

 

We hope you've enjoyed this month's reading material, and as always, if you have any questions or comments you're free to email us at the address provided below.
CommonTruth@gmail.com

Thank you!

Christian Love,
The CommonTruth editing team

[back to the top]
If you have received this eNewsletter by mistake or otherwise wish to unsubscribe, please email us at CommonTruth@gmail.com and let us know. We'll have you off our subscribers' list within 48 hours.